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Firm Risk-taking, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance: Moderating Roles of Firm Slack and Learning Orientation

為了解決How to pronounce ind的問題，作者李派然 這樣論述：

Entrepreneurship nowadays is a very relevant factor for the economic growth. Therefore, Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) has become a fundamental factor within strategic management over the last years. Entrepreneurial Orientation is usually relation with growth, competitive advantage and greater pe

rformance. This study aimed to analyze the relation between Firm Slack-Entrepreneurial Orientation-FirmPerformance; as well, it aimed to analyze the moderating roles of Learning Orientation and Firm Slack in the Firm Slack-Entrepreneurial Orientation-Firm Performance relation. In this research a con

ceptual model is developed and a series of hypotheses are besought that explain the interaction between constructs. This research uses a hierarchical regression analysis in order to analyze the survey data from 101 CEO from Taiwan and Mexico. According to the findings of this research, there is a si

gnificant positive relationship between Firm Risk-taking and EO, also this research shows that Firm Slack has a positive moderating role in Firm Risk-taking-EO relationship, however, this study was unable to provide any evidence of a positive relationship between EO and Firm Performance, this resear

ch also was unable to provide any evidence of a positive moderating role of Learning Orientation. The principal limitation of this study is that offers a small sample size data collection. However, this research proposes a starting point for future researches in Entrepreneurship field and the factor

s that influence Firm Performance.

胎兒治療倫理與法律規範之探討

為了解決How to pronounce ind的問題，作者趙澤維 這樣論述：

論文摘要本文的研究為胎兒治療的倫理與法律議題。胎兒治療與一般治療的差異是，胎兒治療無可避免的必須經由母體，孕婦的身體自主權可能會受到限制。因此在胎兒治療中最大的倫理爭議是，當胎兒有接受治療之必要時，孕婦有無權利拒絕接受治療。另一個層次的問題是，當孕婦有拒絕接受治療，法律上可否強制孕婦接受治療。目前我國法律尚無明確規範，本文的目的則在於勾勒出胎兒治療的倫理與法律規範輪廓。隨著胎兒手術等胎兒治療技術的持續發展，有朝一日該技術會進步到可以帶給的胎兒的利益勝過於孕婦所承受之風險。孕婦可能會在國家與社會保護胎兒利益的壓力，被強制要求接受胎兒治療，包括侵入性較大的胎兒手術。然而拒絕接受治療的權利在美國是

被聯邦最高法院承認為憲法第十四增補條款所涵蓋。告知後同意法則也強調個人的自主以及醫生在進行醫療行為前必須合理的對病患揭露相關訊息。既然孕婦也是一個心智健全的成年人，當其面臨胎兒治療時，告知後同意法則此時也應該適用。此時，究竟應該如何調和孕婦與胎兒之間的衝突？從禁止孕婦吸菸、強制剖腹生產、禁止強制捐增器官、骨髓及血液及其他現存法律規定強制接受治療的法理，本文認為，法律原則禁止對個人身體進行違反意願侵入的內涵，強制孕婦接受胎兒治療除非有更堅實的正當性基礎，否則必須被禁止。由於接受胎兒治療的作為係為一積極作為，本文認為，原則上孕婦無接受治療的義務，僅有在為避免胎兒產後重大缺陷或拯救其生命所必須，且在

不增加孕婦顯著額外的風險前提下，孕婦才有接受治療的道德義務。但即便如此，在任何情況下，此一義務仍不應該是法律義務。畢竟強迫孕婦接受治療，尤其是胎兒手術，是對孕婦身體的強制侵入，破壞孕婦對自身身體完整性的權利。孕婦即使有義務要保護胎兒，我們也找不到強而有力的依據，來要求孕婦要有一個積極的義務，去忍受身體的侵入，特別是法律上的依據。因此本文主張，針對胎兒治療的法律規範，必須將告知後同意原則的精神與內涵納進。禁止強制孕婦接受治療，包含以刑事手段迫使孕婦接受治療都必須在禁止之列。國家對於孕婦是否接受胎兒治療，僅能以較緩和的諮商輔導方式介入。