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MLA 論文寫作手冊, 9/e (中譯本)

為了解決Common abbreviations的問題，作者美國現代語言學會 這樣論述：

　　本書為「現代語言學會」(Modern Language Association)指定的論文寫作手冊。MLA 格式普遍為學界採用──特別是人文學科的學術論文。它其中一項優點是簡單明瞭，相較其他格式的論文更易於閱讀；另外，它具有可調整的彈性，可以適度取捨引用書目條目的組成項目。使用 MLA 格式，絕對能幫助你寫出可靠、有說服力的論文和報告。   本書特色 　　 　　1. 詳述研究與寫作的基本原則：從構思、搜集資料、整理書目、擬定大綱、撰寫草稿，到修辭和避免抄襲，面面俱到。   　　2. 建立註解及書目製作的格式：搜羅各種資料型態，不論是參考書籍期刊，還是引用電子郵件，都能找到適當的格式範例

。   　　3. 主要參考工具或資料庫來源：列舉各專門領域內容，協助您迅速找到研究所需資料。   　　4. 引用數位資源的規範：提供更明確和方便網址的格式，例如：DOI (Digital Object Identifier)的引用、資訊不夠明確時如何處理。   　　5. 文中引用的規範改變：引用影片時加上時間、引用非英文作品並譯為英文時應加上 my trans.。   　　6. 期刊名稱書名的標示引用：期刊名稱前的冠詞和定冠詞應視為名稱的一部分，不論文中引用或引用資料都要納入。非英文的書名和引用，必須全文統一使用羅馬拼音，或使用該語言書寫系統（旁邊加上英文翻譯）。   　　7. 為順應電子出版

時代，以及資料來源的靈活多樣，第九版在內容上做了相對應的調整。對第一次使用MLA 手冊的人士，建議先瀏覽第4章及第5章的5.1-5.2，5.100-5.103，5.105-5.119，第6章的6.1-6.2，第7章的7.1-7.2。   　　8. 其他規範、細節說明與舉例，請參考書中指引，可連上MLA網站style.mla.org 查詢。

Common abbreviations進入發燒排行的影片

An Integrated Approach For Uncovering Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers For Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

為了解決Common abbreviations的問題，作者VAIBHAV KUMAR SUNKARIA 這樣論述：

Introduction - Lung cancer is one of primal and ubiquitous cause of cancer related fatalities in the world. Leading cause of these fatalities is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a proportion of 85%. The major subtypes of NSCLC are Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Small Cell Carcinoma (LUS

C). Early-stage surgical detection and removal of tumor offers a favorable prognosis and better survival rates. However, a major portion of 75% subjects have stage III/IV at the time of diagnosis and despite advanced major developments in oncology survival rates remain poor. Carcinogens produce wide

spread DNA methylation changes within cells. These changes are characterized by globally hyper or hypo methylated regions around CpG islands, many of these changes occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly prevalent across a tumor type.Structure - This research work took advantage of publicly avai

lable methylation profiling resources and relevant comorbidities for lung cancer patients extracted from meta-analysis of scientific review and journal available at PubMed and CNKI search which were combined systematically to explore effective DNA methylation markers for NSCLC. We also tried to iden

tify common CpG loci between Caucasian, Black and Asian racial groups for identifying ubiquitous candidate genes thoroughly. Statistical analysis and GO ontology were also conducted to explore associated novel biomarkers. These novel findings could facilitate design of accurate diagnostic panel for

practical clinical relevance.Methodology - DNA methylation profiles were extracted from TCGA for 418 LUAD and 370 LUSC tissue samples from patients compared with 32 and 42 non-malignant ones respectively. Standard pipeline was conducted to discover significant differentially methylated sites as prim

ary biomarkers. Secondary biomarkers were extracted by incorporating genes associated with comorbidities from meta-analysis of research articles. Concordant candidates were utilized for NSCLC relevant biomarker candidates. Gene ontology annotations were used to calculate gene-pair distance matrix fo

r all candidate biomarkers. Clustering algorithms were utilized to categorize candidate genes into different functional groups using the gene distance matrix. There were 35 CpG loci identified by comparing TCGA training cohort with GEO testing cohort from these functional groups, and 4 gene-based pa

nel was devised after finding highly discriminatory diagnostic panel through combinatorial validation of each functional cluster.Results – To evaluate the gene panel for NSCLC, the methylation levels of SCT(Secritin), FOXD3(Forkhead Box D3), TRIM58(Tripartite Motif Containing 58) and TAC1(Tachikinin

1) were tested. Individually each gene showed significant methylation difference between LUAD and LUSC training cohort. Combined 4-gene panel AUC, sensitivity/specificity were evaluated with 0.9596, 90.43%/100% in LUAD; 0.949, 86.95%/98.21% in LUSC TCGA training cohort; 0.94, 85.92%/97.37 in GEO 66

836; 0.91,89.17%/100% in GEO 83842 smokers; 0.948, 91.67%/100% in GEO83842 non-smokers independent testing cohort. Our study validates SCT, FOXD3, TRIM58 and TAC1 based gene panel has great potential in early recognition of NSCLC undetermined lung nodules. The findings can yield universally accurate

and robust markers facilitating early diagnosis and rapid severity examination.

大家嘅廣東話(第2版)

為了解決Common abbreviations的問題，作者ChowBunChing（周品晶） 這樣論述：

　　以粵拼語音系統編寫，按主題編排，包括自我介紹、認識新朋友及日常生活的基本對話，例如：點菜、買東西、議價、問路等。   核心賣點   　　a)以粵拼語音系統編寫，讀者對象是外國學生、交換生和留港工作或定居的外國人。   　　b)主題貼近生活，包括自我介紹、認識新朋友、點菜、買東西、議價、問路等。語境在香港，讀者可活學活用，同時認識香港文化，有助適應在港生活，融入社區。   　　d)全書十五個單元均有練習，可供即時實踐所學。而每個練習也增設計分制，方便讀者了解學習進度。   　　e)附廣東話英語對照詞表，供快速查閱。

台中港區微粒、金屬元素之乾沉降污染物預測、排放來源及健康風險評估之研究

為了解決Common abbreviations的問題，作者高偉順 這樣論述：

本研究是使用PS-1採樣器與乾沉降板來蒐集大氣中的懸浮微粒及其附屬重金屬汙染物之濃度及乾沉降，採樣時間於2020年1月至12月於台中梧棲港區來進行。本研究並藉由使用ICP-OES分析儀來分析附著於懸浮微粒上之汙染物的重金屬濃度及乾沉降。再者，本研究亦使用Global model來推估並比較不同粒徑所計算出來之懸浮微粒及其附屬重金屬汙染物之乾沉降通量，其值並與實際之乾沉降值作一比較。除此之外，本研究並利用逆軌跡分析方法來推測台中港區採樣點之可能汙染源。最後，本研究更以風險評估之方法來計算該特徵採樣點之致癌風險值。研究結果顯示，總懸浮微粒濃度與乾沉降通量其最高值均發生於冬季，而重金屬濃度與乾沉降

之最高值則分別為重金屬Cu，Ni。此外，乾沉降模式之研究結果顯示，Global collection model之模式推估乾沉降通量以重金屬元素Pb可得到最佳之乾沉降推估結果。再者，重金屬元素Pb 乾沉降通量之最佳預測結果則出現在 以16 μm 的微粒尺寸作為計算之乾沉降速度則其乾沉降通量能有最佳之推估結果。而逆軌跡分析之結果顯示，本研究之主要汙染氣團於6、7、8月是來自採樣點的南方，其餘月份皆來自於採樣點之北方。而在健康風險評估結果顯示該採樣點之金屬元素Cr的致癌風險值結果高於1×10-4，上述值高於致癌風險監管機構US/EPA之標準。因此，未來宜持續監測觀察上述重金屬Cr元素於台中港區之濃

度及致癌風險值。